1 land reclamation policy interpretation and the basic definition of the concept of
Reclamation: Land reclamation is the process in the production and construction, damaged due to digging, cave, etc., causing total destruction of the land take remediation measures to restore to the state for use of reclaimed objects
: damaged due to digging, cave, etc. account for the damage caused by land reclamation
range: Mining mineral resources, firing brick, coal-fired power generation and other types of production and construction activities
reclamation purposes: to return to the status of availability of (standard)
land use after reclamation: first used for agricultural
Re (re) + Climate (use) = Reclamation (restoration using)
basic principles ----construction, while the principle of reclamation
RECLAMATION ---- local conditions, comprehensive treatment, advised farmers are farmers, should be built is built
---- reclamation funding from the business transformation Fund and the production development fund for the amount of programming
2 basic requirements for reclamation
rehabilitation programs need to answer the question:
land use before the damage? Land destruction? Use after reclamation and use of?
core programming: land reclamation feasibility analysis
concrete expansion:
a) has destroyed the land of:
ü land has been destroyed damage type, damage, area
ü situation has damaged the land reclamation, including rehabilitation of the area, time, rehabilitation measures and implementation of the main effects of
ü have been destroyed, not the destruction of the land reclamation type, degree, area, the original land use types of issues related to the consequences of
:
has been the destruction of land means that existing project area digging, collapsed, taking , press accounts and other forms of destruction of the land, but does not include permanent land for construction ------ such as: construction of the industrial plaza listed as permanent damage to the land area is incorrect
---- the lack of relevant indicators have been damaged unknown land to type, size, degree of damage, the distribution of reclamation measures are taken to introduce
b) predicted to be the destruction of land: divided into open-pit mining and underground mining
projections are based on open pit mining: working length, the speed of advance, earth (rock) stripped the abandoned plan, stripping ratio, soil design parameters and stability analysis, mining parameters and stability analysis of pit
predicted: including land damage types, different types of damage to the area of timing analysis of the damage
underground mining
projections are based on: Prediction of land subsidence and cracks in stages the level of the maximum tensile deformation, the maximum tilt, subsidence, ground movement duration
predicted: including the extent of the damage area and draw the different stages of the subsurface prediction Shen contour map and surface contour map of horizontal displacement
special requirements:
pollution problems
ü predictable process is not clear: the lack of scientific forecasting methods, the lack of description of relevant parameters, the lack of consideration during the subsidence area and repeated collapse Shen stability issues
ü predict incomplete: only way to predict the major damage, such as accounting for the damage caused by waste rock pressure needs to be considered < br>
ü No Damage Prediction Sequential: time does not reflect the damage and the corresponding spatial
ü destruction of land results unknown: only the area of damage was predicted, there is no damage to the land that land type, damage and other
ü lack of an overall situation of damage to the land form aggregated
c) Suitability evaluation of land reclamation
evaluation objects: All damage and affected land, including land damage and destruction to be evaluated
Objective: To determine whether the land after reclamation and reclamation of land type
evaluation requirements: to consider the impact of destruction; natural evaluation of integrity; take into account social factors, political factors and other effects; analog Category
evaluation unit: According to the project area of the damage type, degree and by limiting factors (reclamation suitability evaluation is different from the general land Suitability Evaluation)
principle of land reclamation suitability evaluation:
local conditions the principle of principles and priorities of agricultural land leading factors
principles (reuse of land reclamation process, in Select a variety of constraints the dominant factor, and in accordance with the dominant factor determining the direction of its proper use)
comprehensive analysis of principles: on the impact of land reclamation and utilization of a comprehensive analysis of many factors that can be cultivated
and best value principles: in determining the direction of destruction of land reclamation and utilization, first consider the overall efficiency can be cultivated and to choose the best use of the direction of
natural attributes and social attributes of the principle of combining < br>
dynamic and sustainable development principles
obey the principle of overall planning areas: land reclamation suitability assessment must fully take into account national and local land use planning, agricultural planning
suitability evaluation of land reclamation based on
? land reclamation procedures and standards related to: ), use planning and other
? other: including Case of the information, etc.
suitability evaluation of land reclamation method and system
reclamation suitability evaluation results should be clear:
ü able to land reclamation direction
ü using various types of land reclaimed
ü reclamation of each unit of its kind after the limiting factor to the problems
evaluation units and evaluation of factors selected by random
lack of suitability assessment for land reclamation instructions
ignore the lack of analog programs other than agricultural land land use feasibility analysis
Summary:
suitability evaluation of land reclamation is divided into two phases of qualitative and quantitative, on the premise that in the treatment of the total area of land reclamation and land destruction to fully understand the situation basis. 1) through socio-economic, policy, before and after failure of land and other natural endowments and qualitative analysis of the public will, combined with the analogy of cases have been reclaimed, initially identified the direction of land reclamation; 2) based on the type and extent of the damage, combined with the original land use, the use of certain methods and techniques delineated assessment units, the reclamation for the initial evaluation of the direction and specific unit to select certain factors, the suitability of the appropriate level of units to be assessed.
d) reclamation standards
instead of copying the reclamation standards with national standards; standards should be the natural status of the project area conditions, reclamation measures to be taken is linked; reclamation standards should be quantifiable, with verifiability; reclamation standards should be economically viable
problems
confused reclamation standards and reclamation goals; reclamation standards are not specific, not targeted; complex Reclamation measures and rehabilitation budget is linked to
added: benefit analysis of land reclamation reclamation
analyzed the ecological and social benefits, the economic analysis to be true, do possible to quantify the preparation of the report
annex land reclamation program reports,
photo: The project area land use map
destruction of land status map land reclamation plans
mining process flow diagram
Schedule: Schedule of the work plan of land reclamation land reclamation investments
estimated (almost) balance sheet
Other: Land use rights for all people in the whole or the views of the program
local land and resources authorities the views of the program
reporting program must be resolved
? What is the status of land use before failure?
? how to land destruction?
? reclamation feasibility, direction and standard?
? How to rehabilitation?
? capital requirements, how to protect? This chapter concludes the :-------
land reclamation program evaluation points of the key requirements for reclamation goals
? (including quantity, standards, and uses) to determine whether to meet the requirements
? of land suitability evaluation of damage prediction and the results are reasonable
? reclamation standards, rehabilitation measures, compliance with local realities
? conditional , while reclamation The report, reports, data seriously inconsistent; report itself is contradictory and there is a larger data errors)
land reclamation measures, engineering and investment estimated budget
1 Mine Land Reclamation Design
1.
reclamation design principles the most important principle of engineering design is from the mine. Ida's actual situation, the actual natural environment for the mining, socio-economic as well as geological and mining conditions, to submit targeted, operable reclamation measures to facilitate implementation, to avoid unrealistic, rote, rigid approach.
1) reclamation and biological reclamation project combining
reclamation project is the basis of biological reclamation and biological reclamation to comply with local laws of nature and experience, and local weather and soil adapted to the conditions.
2) ensure the amount of cultivated land and improve the quality of cultivated land
to ensure that the mining process does not affect farm income of local farmers and food sources, to ensure that does not reduce the amount of arable land,UGG boots clearance, while improving the quality of arable land ; reclamation standards must be strictly in accordance with the reclamation, reclamation sites focus on the control slope, roughness, organic matter content, soil structure, effective soil depth, soil and water conservation measures and more.
3) forest and grassland rehabilitation and economic and ecological benefits of combining
forestry and animal husbandry to provide wood, medicinal herbs, meat and other products, can be significant economic benefits, and also to conserve water, soil and water conservation, wind and sand, air purification,UGG boots cheap, landscaping and other ecological benefits, so mine reclamation in the forest and grassland to improve the ecological environment in mining areas is important.
2. design standards
1) mine should be should be with the local topography and surrounding environment in harmony
3) reclamation site stability and security should be a reliable guarantee
4) should make full use of the original surface soil as a the top cover, the surface should be covered after the specification, formation, cover the bulk density? (Where the density is generally used in engineering the weight of a cubic,UGG shoes, that unit volume weight of the object; the density of a wide range of applications, namely, reclamation and utilization to meet the requirements of
5) drainage facilities, irrigation facilities, flood control standards to meet local requirements
6) road reclamation areas specific to the layout of a reasonable
each project, there has been a corresponding specific criteria:
1) for the land reclamation:
effective soil depth of not less than 0.3m; land formation, the field surface basic level, the ground slope not more than 5 °; reclamation of soil suitable for crop growth after,Discount UGG boots, no adverse growth response, with sustained growth capacity.
2) different roads should meet different standards, the field width is 3m, the width of the production road for 1m and so on.
3) standards of forest and grassland soil thickness
not less than 0.3m; make a choice of planting native trees in local and resistance lines good species; pit planting trees, the Pits of size and planting density should also have the corresponding standards; by way of seed sowing should be consistent when the standard planting density.
3. reclamation area classification
typical coal mine area of the damage type and the failure characteristics of
of the damage type of the main features of the land destroyed by landslides in hilly area of mountain, the mountain cracks, steps state collapse, soil erosion, destruction of vegetation formation of the subsidence basin plain area, surface cracks caused by soil erosion, surface building (structure) damage, damage to agricultural production when the ground water mining water damage of desertification, soil erosion, vegetation cover dropped 4 degrees.
design features to determine which areas of land reclamation (mountain hills, plains, desertification, mining, open pit area), different types of areas of the reclamation works and the focus is different < br>
suitability assessment based on the results, determine the use to be the direction of the reclamation of land reclamation, and then divided into different directions based on the use of the reclamation unit
cell design for each reclamation project
crack control engineering, engineering plots, grassland and forest engineering, road engineering, irrigation engineering, soil engineering works and open pit (pit area)
2 the amount of coal mine land reclamation works estimated budget and investment projects
1
for measurement of the plain areas of high water table and low water table areas reclaimed mountain reclamation
1.1 High Plains Groundwater Complex Ken ---- pond type reclamation mode: stripped topsoil - fish pond excavation - Land Construction - embankments dam construction - road construction - topsoil Reply (main), construction of roads, hydro power facilities, venues Green and other ancillary works
1.2 low water table sink reclamation ---- mountain terrace reclamation methods (terracing project): Mountain formation (topsoil stripping (cropland topsoil stripping at least 0.5m) , filling in cracks, surface response and the Terrace series of projects), road construction, vegetation, reclamation works and construction of water conservancy facilities, etc.
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